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A Muslim, sometimes spelled Moslem,〔thefreedictionary.com: "(muslim )"〕 relates to a person who follows the religion of Islam,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Muslim )〕 a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion based on the Quran. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God as revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. They also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad as recorded in traditional accounts called ''hadith''. "Muslim" is an Arabic word meaning "one who submits (to God)".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Muslim )〕 A female Muslim is sometimes called a Muslimah. There are customs holding that a man and woman or teenager and adolescent above the age of fifteen of a lunar or solar calendar who possesses the faculties of rationality, logic or sanity, but misses numerous successive Jumu'ahs without a valid excuse, no longer qualifies as a Muslim.〔The Five Pillars of Islam, p 101, Musharraf Hussain - 2012〕 Most Muslims will accept anyone who has publicly pronounced the declaration of faith (''shahadah'') as a Muslim. The ''shahadah'' states: Islamic beliefs commonly held by Muslims include: that God ( ') is eternal, transcendent and absolutely one (monotheism); that God is incomparable, self-sustaining and neither begets nor was begotten; that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that has been revealed before through many prophets including Abraham, Moses, Ishmael and Jesus;〔 that these previous messages and revelations have been partially changed or corrupted over time〔 and that the Qur'an is the final unaltered revelation from God (The Final Testament).〔Submission.org, Quran: The Final Testament, Authorized English Version with Arabic Text, Revised Edition IV,ISBN 0-9729209-2-7, p. x.〕 The religious practices of Muslims are enumerated in the Five Pillars of Islam, which, in addition to Shahadah, consist of daily prayers (salat), fasting during the Islamic month of Ramadan (sawm), almsgiving (zakat), and the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) at least once in a lifetime.〔〔 ==Lexicology== The word ''muslim'' ((アラビア語:مسلم), ; , , or ''moslem'' , 〔) is the participle of the same verb of which ''islām'' is the infinitive, based on the triliteral ''S-L-M'' "to be whole, intact".〔Burns & Ralph, ''World Civilizations'', 5th ed., p. 371.〕〔Entry for ''šlm'', p. 2067, Appendix B: Semitic Roots, ''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'', 4th ed., Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, ISBN 0-618-08230-1.〕 It is a liturgical phonology that is formed from two components; the pronoun prefix "mu" and the triconsonantal root "slim". A female adherent is a ''muslima'' ((アラビア語:مسلمة)). The plural form in Arabic is ''muslimūn'' () or ''muslimīn'' (), and its feminine equivalent is ''muslimāt'' (). The Arabic form ''muslimun'' is the stem IV participle〔also known as "infinitive", ''cf.'' Burns & Ralph, ''World Civilizations'', 5th ed., p. 371〕 of the triliteral ''S-L-M''. A female Muslim can variously be called in their etymologically Arabic form of ''Muslimah'', also spelled ''Muslima'', ''Muslimette'', ''Muslimess'' or simple the standard term of Muslim. General alternative epithets or designations given to Muslims include ''mosquegoer'', ''masjidgoer'', or archaic, dated and obsolete terms such as ''Muslimite'' or ''Muslimist''. The ordinary word in English is "Muslim". It is sometimes transliterated as "Moslem", which is an older spelling.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Reporting Diversity'' guide for journalists )〕 The word ''Mosalman'' ((ペルシア語:مسلمان), alternatively ''Mussalman'') is a common equivalent for ''Muslim'' used in Central Asia. Until at least the mid-1960s, many English-language writers used the term ''Mohammedans'' or ''Mahometans''.〔See for instance the second edition of ''A Dictionary of Modern English Usage'' by H. W. Fowler, revised by Ernest Gowers (Oxford, 1965).〕 Although such terms were not necessarily intended to be pejorative, Muslims argue that the terms are offensive because they allegedly imply that Muslims worship Muhammad rather than God. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Muslim」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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